Uthman ibn Affan: The Gentle Caliph and the Standardisation of the Quran Uthman ibn Affan (c. 579 – 656 CE), the third caliph of the Rashidun Caliphate, stands as a pivotal figure in early Islamic history. Often remembered for his gentle nature, piety, and significant contributions to the preservation and unification of the Quran, Uthman’s twelve-year reign was also marked by burgeoning territorial expansion and internal dissent that ultimately led to his tragic assassination. Understanding his caliphate provides crucial insights into the formative years of the Islamic empire and the enduring legacy of its sacred text. Born into the wealthy and influential Banu Umayya clan of Mecca, Uthman embraced Islam early in its propagation, becoming one of the “early converts” known as the Sabiqun al-Awwalun . His close relationship with the Prophet Muhammad was further solidified through his marriages to the Prophet’s daughters, Ruqayyah and, after her death, Umm Kulthum, earning him the e...